Enfermedades del tejido conjuntivo

Información clínica

Las enfermedades del tejido conjuntivo (ETC) son enfermedades reumáticas. Incluyen, por ejemplo, el lupus eritematoso sistémico, la esclerosis sistémica, el síndrome de Sjögren, los síndromes de miositis o el síndrome de Sharp.

Los autoanticuerpos que atacan componentes celulares, comúnmente denominados anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA), son marcadores serológicos importantes de las ETC. Los antígenos diana incluyen ácidos nucleicos, proteínas nucleares celulares y proteínas ribonucleares, así como componentes del citoplasma. La frecuencia (prevalencia) de los ANA en las enfermedades reumáticas inflamatorias oscila entre el 20 % y el 100 %. Por lo tanto, el diagnóstico diferencial de los ANA es indispensable para la identificación de enfermedades reumáticas y su diferenciación de otras enfermedades autoinmunitarias.

Diagnóstico

El test de referencia para la detección de los ANA es la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) con células epiteliales humanas (HEp-2), conocida por su alta sensibilidad y especificidad. Con la evaluación microscópica es posible observar con precisión cómo se distribuye un colorante indicador (generalmente fluoresceína) en las células. Dependiendo de la localización de los autoantígenos individuales, aparecerá un patrón de fluorescencia concreto para cada tipo de unión de autoanticuerpos.

El consenso internacional supervisado sobre una nomenclatura normalizada para patrones de células HEp-2 en pruebas de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (ICAP, www.anapatterns.org)define 15 patrones nucleares, 9 citoplasmáticos y 5 mitóticos que son relevantes para el diagnóstico de diversas enfermedades autoinmunes.

Además, el ICAP recomienda que los resultados de la IFI se confirmen mediante pruebas adicionales de anticuerpos específicos (por ejemplo, la prueba ELISA o el line blot). Sin embargo, el uso exclusivo de estas pruebas monoespecíficas es insuficiente para detectar autoanticuerpos que atacan núcleos celulares, ya que aún no se dispone de todos los antígenos relevantes en forma purificada. Por lo tanto, los ANA correspondientes solo pueden detectarse mediante la IFI.

Techniques

Method
Parameter
Substrate
Species
IIFT
cell nuclei
(ANA global test)
HEp-2 cells
liver
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
human
monkey
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA) EUROPattern
cell nuclei (ANA)
HEp-2 cells
liver
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
human
monkey
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA)
mitochondria (AMA)
HEp-2 cells
kidney
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
human
rat
IIFT
cell nuclei
(ANA global test)
HEp-20-10 cells
liver
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
human
monkey
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA) EUROPattern
cell nuclei (ANA)
HEp-20-10 cells
liver
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
human
monkey
IIFT
EUROPLUS ANA Mosaic 10A
cell nuclei (ANA)
SS-A + SS-B
2 BIOCHIPs per field:
HEp-20-10 cells
SS-A+SS-B BIOCHIPs

human
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA)
mitochondria (AMA)
HEp-20-10 cells
kidney
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
human
rat
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA) EUROPattern
mitochondria (AMA)
HEp-20-10 cells
kidney
(2 BIOCHIPs per field)
human
rat
IIFT
EUROPLUS ANA Mosaic 22A
cell nuclei (ANA)
cell nuclei (ANA)
nRNP/Sm + Sm + SS-A
SS-B + Scl-70 + Jo-1
4 BIOCHIPs per field:
HEp-20-10 cells
liver
nRNP/Sm+Sm+SS-A BIOCHIPs
SS-B+Scl-70+Jo-1 BIOCHIPs

human
monkey
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA)
HEp-2 cells
human
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA)
EUROPattern
HEp-2 cells
human
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA)
HEp-20-10 cells
human
IIFT
cell nuclei (ANA)
EUROPattern
HEp-20-10 cells
human
EUROLINE
positive control serum: IgG, human, 100x concentrated
for DL 1530-X G
EUROLINE
Myositis Profile
(Mi-2, Ku, PM-Scl, Jo-1, PL-7,
PL-12, Ro-52 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
Myositis Profile 3
(Mi-2, Ku, PM-Scl100, PM-Scl75, Jo-1, SRP,
PL-7, PL-12, EJ, OJ, Ro-52 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies 16 Ag
(Mi-2 alpha, Mi-2 beta, TIF1g, MDA5, NXP2, SAE1, Ku, PM-Scl100,
PM-Scl75, Jo-1, SRP, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, OJ, Ro-52 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies 16 Ag et cN-1A
(Mi-2 alpha, Mi-2 beta, TIF1g, MDA5, NXP2, SAE1, Ku,
PM-Scl100, PM-Scl75, Jo-1, SRP, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, OJ,
Ro-52, cN-1A separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies 20 Ag
( Mi-2 alpha, Mi-2 beta, TIF1g, MDA5, NXP2, SAE1,
Ku, PM-Scl100, PM-Scl75, Jo-1, SRP, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, OJ,
Ro-52, cN-1A, Ha, Ks, Zo)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
positive control serum: IgG, human, 100x concentrated
for DL 1532 G
EUROLINE
Systemic Sclerosis Profile (Nucleoli)
(Scl-70, CENP A, CENP B, RP11, RP155,
fibrillarin, NOR90, Th/To, PM-Scl100, PM-Scl75,
Ku, PDGFR, Ro-52 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
Systemic Sclerosis Profile 2
(Scl-70, CenpA, Cenp B, RP11, RP155,
Fibrillarin, NOR90, Th/To, PM-Scl100, PM-Scl75,
Ku, NVL und Ro-52)
EUROLINE
ELISA
histones
antigen-coated
microplate wells
IIFT
antibodies against cell nuclei
(ANA control), homogeneous pattern
ChLIA
IDS dsDNA IgG

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
double-stranded DNA
(dsDNA)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
IIFT
dsDNA
EUROPattern
flagellates
Crithidia luciliae
IIFT
dsDNA
flagellates
Crithidia luciliae
IIFT
antibodies against dsDNA
(dsDNA ab control)
ELISA
dsDNA-NcX
antigen-coated
microplate wells
IIFT
dsDNA (sensitive)
EUROPattern
flagellates
Crithidia luciliae
IIFT
dsDNA (sensitive)
flagellates
Crithidia luciliae
ELISA
nucleosomes
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
single-stranded DNA
(ssDNA)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
PM-Scl
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS ENA Screen

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
EUROLINE
positive control serum: IgG, human, 100x concentrated
for DL 1590-X G
ChLIA
IDS ANA Screen

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ChLIA
IDS ANA Control Set
1
3 x 1.5mL Control 1/2
EUROASSAY
Anti-ENA ProfilePlus
(nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70,
Jo-1 separately)
EUROASSAY strip
with antigens
ELISA
Anti-ENA ProfilePlus 1 (nRNP/Sm,
Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70, Jo-1 separately)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
EUROLINE
Anti-ENA ProfilePlus 1
(nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, SS-B,
Scl-70, Jo-1 separately)
EUROLINE
ELISA
ANA screen 11 (antigen mixture: PCNA,
PM-Scl, ribosomal P-proteins, nRNP/Sm,
Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70, Jo-1,
centromeres)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
Anti-ENA SLE Profile 2 (dsDNA, histones,
nucleosomes, nRNP/Sm, Sm,
SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70 separately)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
ANA screen 9 (antigen mixture: PCNA,
PM-Scl, ribosomal P-proteins, nRNP/Sm,
Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70, Jo-1)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS ANA Screen Control Set
1
3 x 1.5mL Control 1/2
ELISA
Anti-ENA ProfilePlus 2 (ribosomal
P-proteins, nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, SS-B,
Scl-70, Jo-1, centromeres, separately)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
EUROLINE
Anti-ENA ProfilePlus 2
(nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70,
Jo-1, ribosomal P-proteins separately)
EUROLINE
EUROASSAY
Anti-ENA ProfilePlus with histones
(nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70,
Jo-1, histones separately)
EUROASSAY strip
with antigens
EUROLINE
ANA Profile 23
(nucleosomes, dsDNA, histones, SS-A, Ro-52,
SS-B, nRNP/Sm, Sm, Mi-2 alpha, Mi-2 beta, Ku, CENP A,
CENP B, Sp100, PML, Scl-70, PM-Scl100, PM-Scl75,
RP11, RP155, gp210, PCNA, DFS70 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
ANA Profile 3
(nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70, PM-Scl,
Jo-1, CENP B, PCNA, dsDNA, nucleosomes,
histones, ribosomal P-proteins, AMA M2 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
ANA Profile 3 plus DFS70
(nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70, PM-Scl,
Jo-1, CENP B, PCNA, dsDNA, nucleosomes, histones,
ribosomal P-proteins, AMA M2, DFS70 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
ANA Profile et Mi-2 et Ku
(Mi-2, Ku, nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70,
PM-Scl, Jo-1, CENP B, PCNA, dsDNA, nucleosomes,
histones, ribosomal P-proteins, AMA M2 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
dsDNA, nucleosomes, histones, DFS70
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
ANA Profile et Mi-2, Ku, DFS70
(Mi-2, Ku, nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70,
PM-Scl100, Jo-1, CENP B, PCNA, dsDNA,
nucleosomes, histones, ribosomal P-proteins,
AMA M2, DFS70 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
positive control serum: IgG, human, 100x concentrated
for DL 1590-35 G
EUROLINE
Cytoplasm profile
(AMA M2, M2-3E, ribosomal P-proteins, Jo-1
SRP, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, OJ, Ro-52 separately)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
Cytoplasm Profile 13 Ag
CAMA-M2, M2-3E, ribosomale P-Proteine,
Jo-1, SRP, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, OJ, Ro-52, Ha, Ks, Zo)
EUROLINE
EUROLINE
ANA Profile 5
(nRNP/Sm, Sm, RNP70, RNPA, RNPC, SS-A,
Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70, PM-Scl, Jo-1, CENP B,
PCNA, dsDNA, nucleosomes, histones,
ribosomal P-proteins, AMA M2 separately)
EUROLINE
ELISA
Anti-ENA PoolPlus (antigen mixture:
nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70, Jo-1)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
ANA screen (antigen mixture: dsDNA,
histones, ribosomal P-proteins, nRNP/Sm,
Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70, Jo-1, centromeres)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
EUROLINE
ANA Profile 1
(nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, Ro-52, SS-B, Scl-70,
Jo-1, CENP B, dsDNA, nucleosomes, histones,
ribosomal P-proteins separately)
EUROLINE
ELISA
Anti-ENA Pool (antigen mixture:
nRNP/Sm, Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70,
ribosomal P-proteins, Ro-52)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS U1-snRNP

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
nRNP/Sm
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS Sm

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
Sm
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS SS-A/Ro

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
SS-A (Ro)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS SS-A/Ro 52 kDa

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ChLIA
IDS SS-A/Ro 60 kDa

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ChLIA
IDS SS-B/La

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
SS-B (La)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS Scl-70

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
Scl-70
antigen-coated
microplate wells
EUROLINE
positive control serum: IgG, human, 100x concentrated
for DL 159z-X G
ELISA
DFS70
antigen-coated
microplate wells
EUROLINE
EUROLINE Anti-DFS70
EUROLINE
ChLIA
IDS Centromere B

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
centromeres
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
ribosomal P-proteins
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ChLIA
IDS Jo-1

1
antigenic coated magnetic particles
ELISA
Jo-1
antigen-coated
microplate wells
ELISA
cN-1A (Mup44, NT5C1A)
antigen-coated
microplate wells
1Product manufactured by third party. Please contact your local EUROIMMUN representative for more information.
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